Cassava manioc diseases and pests, description, uses. Zonocerus variegatus is reported in the literature as a pest of many crops in west and central africa. Cassava genotype evaluation for grasshopper zonocerus. Variegated grasshopper, zonocerus variegatus the variegated grasshopper is a widespread pest from west to east africa. The medicinal and nutritional value of insects has contributed to the increase in entomophargy.
Later instars will eat cassava, especially when deprived of food for some time, but the adults progressively lose weight when restricted to feeding on growing cassava. The variegated grasshopper, zonocerus variegatus linn. The grasshopper zonocerus variegatus is a seasonal pest kekeunou et al. An zonocerus variegatus in uska species han orthoptera nga syahan ginhulagway ni linnaeus hadton 1758. Pdf on jan 1, 2006, messi j and others published abundance and life cycle of zonocerus variegatus orthoptera. Pyrgomorphidae nymphs to feeding at different periods of the day oyebamiji oyewole oyegoke, akinola john akintola and samuel adelani babarinde department of pure and applied biology, ladoke akintola university of technology, p. The variegated grasshopper zonocerus variegatus lin. This is your first entry to the taxa hierarchy display. Pdf zonocerus variegatus is a common grasshopper in parts of west and equtorial africa. Zonocerus variegatus linnaeus variegated grasshopper gryllusbimaculatusde geer field crickets acheta domesticus house crickets. It sequesters toxic chemical from plants and commonly lives in dense group 1 the dry season population. Secondary metabolites of the cuticular abdominal glands of.
Zonocerus variegatus, nymphs, gravimetric parameters, morphometric parameters. Zonocerus variegatus infestation has been found to cause a lot of devastation in the production of cassava crop plants in tropical and subtropical areas. However, its importance in the agricultural production system in cameroon has not been investigated. Summary the morphology of the chromosomes of the grasshopper, zonocerus variegatus was studied from mitotic metaphase and meiotic stages in squashed preparations of fresh testicular material. Abundance and life cycle of zonocerus variegatus orthoptera. Abstract weekly captures from january 2000 to january 2002 enabled us to study the abundance and life cycle of the variegated grasshopper. Control of the variegated grasshopper zonocerus variegatus. Ang zonocerus variegatus sakop sa kahenera nga zonocerus sa kabanay nga pyrgomorphidae. Research article secondary metabolites of the cuticular. This table therefore contains chiasma frequency means in the dry and. Journal of food and dairy technology assessment of nutritional quality and mineral composition of dried edible zonocerus variegatus grasshopper. Descriptions and morphometrics of the nymphs of zonocerus. The data analysis showed abundance of larvae, from stage 1 to 6. From the 1950s, increased agriculture has resulted in forest clearings for cassava, maize and leafy.
Field and laboratory studies at ibadan, nigeria, showed that the young nymphs of zonocerus variegatus l. Zonocerus variegatus raw, ogun state, nigeria insect stage gram protein100 g fresh weight instar. Plant pathology division, nigerian institute for oil palm research nifor, p. Pdf grasshoppers zonocerus variegatus as a potential. Host the variegated grasshopper is a pest of many crops in the seedling stage, especially cassava and finger millet. Zonocerus variegatus linnaeus, 1758 preferred common name.
A higher rate of excretion of ouabain by isolated tubules was induced in adult zonocerus given this toxin in their diet. Induction and activity of glutathione stransferases. Crystal structure of pyrrolizidine alkaloid n oxygenase from. Field infection of zonocerus variegatus following application of an oil. The first reports on damages of this grasshopper on crops were in 1910 by peacock and lamborns in southern nigeria, schoutedem and mayne in zaire and small in uganda in 2. Espesye sa alasiwsiw nga una nga gihulagway ni linnaeus ni adtong 1758 ang zonocerus variegatus.
The cultivation of cassava does not require much labour, typically 75 to 125 mandays per hectare, from the preparation of the land to harvesting. Pdf field infection of zonocerus variegatus following. Zonocerus variegatus is a common grasshopper in parts of west and equtorial africa. Other affected crops include cocoa, castor, cashew, coffee, cotton and sweet potato.
The cassava plant is a woody plant with erect stems and spirally arranged simple lobed leaves with petioles leaf stems up to 30 cm in length. In the 10th edition of systema naturae, carl linnaeus classified the arthropods, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans, among his class insecta. A preliminary feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of adult variegated grasshopper zonocerus variegatus meal vgm as a replacement for fish meal in. The distribution in nigeria extends from the lowland rainforest zone to the savannah in the north. I sani, m haruna, a abdulhamid, aa warra, f bello, and im fakai. Introduction zonocerus variegatus l is a voracious and destructive insect, native to the humid forest zone of west africa modder, 1984. An important factor is solar radiation, which is reduced by the cage screen. The role of herbivore insects as potential vectors of the disease has never been studied in detail. Pyrgomorphidae, which has a large dry season population in southwestern nigeria is reported eaten in the akoko area of ondo state fasoranti and ajiboye, 1993. Pdf the attraction of zonocerus variegatus orthoptera. Pyrgomorphidae susceptibility in southern sierra leone. Preliminary evaluation of the nutritive value of the.
It has a superior nutritional content compared to other animal protein but has received little attention globally for various reasons. You can modify these specifications at any time by clicking the change items displayed button in the header. Understanding the efficacy of moringa oleifera leaf extract on controlling z. Insects with hardened wing covers beetles, earwigs and orthopteroid insects were brought together under the name coleoptera. The variegated grasshopperzonocerus variegatusare gregarious and always move in groups in search of linnaeus, 1758, is a polyphagous insect pest of food food while stages 46 larvae and adults are solitaries 6. This necessitates further studies aimed at reconciling. Given the increasing trade in edible insects and their products in uganda. An zonocerus variegatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga zonocerus, ngan familia nga pyrgomorphidae.
However, the contribution of gst to insecticide resistance in zonocerus variegatus l. Digestive activities in the gut of the variegated grasshopper zonocerus variegatus l activites osidasiques du tube digestif du criquet puant, zonocerus variegatus l. Fungal ecology, entomopathogenic fungi, zonocerus variegatus infection incidence. Occurrence and distribution of microflora in the gut. In parts of west africa, hatching is maximal at the start of the dry season late september early november, with outbreaks in november april. Glutathione stransferases gsts have been recognized as important metabolic detoxifying enzymes in many phytophagous insects. The transport of the cardiac glycoside ouabain by the. The effect of the dry and wet seasons on chiasma frequency. Pdf microbial control of caged population of zonocerus. Gender variations in nutritive value of adult variegated. The grasshopper zonocerus variegatus has been consumed for centuries in africa, asia and some other parts of the world. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to elucidate the role of the variegated grasshopper, zonocerus variegatus, an important pest of cassava, in the. Pdf abundance and life cycle of zonocerus variegatus orthoptera.
It is also a pest and vector of disease in rice in different countries. Effects of moringa oleifera leaf extract on morphological. Zonocerus variegatus infected with entomophaga gryllii metarhizium acridum beauveria. Coleoptera in the 10th edition of systema naturae wikipedia. The chromosomes 2n19 were found to be acrocentric as in. The variegated grasshopper zonocerus variegatus, like other insects, harbors microorganisms in its alimentary. Zonocerus variegatus is the main grasshopper pest of crops, notably cassava, in the humid lowland forests and savannas of west and central africa. Phylogenetic study of xanthomonas axonopodis pv manihotis isolated from the western part of nigeria as revealed by random amplified polymorphic dna rapd markers. Spacegroup determination, data scaling and merging were performed by the. Grasshoppers zonocerus variegatus as a potential global alternativesource of protein. Both species are significant agricultural pests, especially for african smallholder farmers.
Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic entomophthora grylli on. Development took 12 months longer in small cages than in a large cage, probably because the nymphs normally require a fairly large area for activity in nature. The roles of food plants on the dispersion activities of. The distribution in nigeria extends from the lowland. Blanford, unpublished data demonstrated the impact of behavioural fever on the. In nigeria, it usually occurs on uncultivated land with the nymphs and adult stage sharing the same habitat which extends from rain forest zone to. In mexico, for example, it is not uncommon to find tortillas enriched. Edible insects offer a significant opportunity to merge traditional knowledge and modern science to improve human food security worldwide.
This page was last edited on 6 december 2018, at 10. Cassava genotype evaluation for grasshopper zonocerus variegatus l. Zonocerus is a genus of grasshoppers caelifera in the family pyrgomorphidae and the tribe phymateini. The study assesses farmers perception on the importance of z. Microbial control of caged population of zonocerus variegatus using beauveria bassiana and metarhizium sp. A preliminary feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of adult variegated grasshopper zonocerus variegatus meal vgm as a replacement for fish meal in the diets of clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Department of biochemistry, kebbi state university of science and technology, aliero, p. Glyphaea brevis and azadirachta indica on the survival, development and fecundity of the variegated grasshopper zonocerus variegatus was investigated.
Zonocerus variegatus larva appeared superior to the one of stage 7. The results obtained from sequential samples taken from 40 adult males of taphronota thaelephora and zonocerus variegatus are presented in table 1. Analysis using anova reveals significant differences in percentage incidence of grasshopper with respect to cassava. Cassava, manihot esculenta, is a perennial shrub in the family euphorbiaceae grown primarily for its storage roots which are eaten as a vegetable. Farmers perception on the importance of variegated grasshopper. Bands may merge leading to greater crowding band behaviour affected by vegetation cover and uniformity. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Nymphal period and adulthood cover approximately 7 months. The effect of diets on the tissues femoral and thoracic muscles responsible for dispersion in z. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The variegated grasshopper, zonocerus variegatus moves from one place to another in the field when disturbed and in search food and mates. Orthoptera pyrgomorphidae is a short horned grasshopper with an aposematic colouration and found predominantly in south nigeria. Pyrgomorphidae is known as an agricultural pest in west and central africa.
Therefore, we carried out an initial study on the induction and kinetics of gst in z. Zonocerus variegatus is reported in the literature as a pest of many. In nigeria, it usually occurs on uncultivated land with the nymphs and adult stage sharing the same habitat which extends from rain forest zone to the guinea savannah in the north. Factors affecting the mortality of the grasshopper, zonocerus variegatus, in southern nigeria. The role of the grasshopper zonocerus variegatus as vector. The nutritional value of fourteen species of edible. This study examines the gender differences in the nutritive value of adult variegated grasshopper, zonocerus variegatus. Most insects reared in the laboratory passed through six nymphal instars, although more had only five nymphal instars when reared in crowded conditions. Isolated malpighian tubules of zonocerus variegatus excreted cardiac glycosides more efficiently than isolated tubule preparations from locusta migratoria. Population of zonocerus variegatus using beauveria bassiana and metarlizium sp. The larvae and pupae of honeybees, apis mellifera hymenoptera. In zonocerus variegatus and other acrids, the size of antennae and antennal lobe increased with each moult from first instar to the adult stage youdeowei, 1974 with special sensillum types such as pheromones receptors finally arising in the adult. The variegated grasshopper, zonocerus variegatus l. Observations on aggregation, migration, and feeding habits.
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